Supportive Policies on wheat crops to achieve food security have always been considered by the concerned policy-makers, but only in the short term. The Iranian Governments subsidize wheat consumption within a framework of the Affordable Food Policy as well as the Supportive pricing Policies, subsidizing production inputs, and insurance for wheat production. Presently, the Government is also the sole buyer and seller of wheat in the country. This study aimed at evaluating the Government Policies in the wheat market during 2000-2016, considering the continuity and increasing costs of support programs for wheat producers and consumers. For this purpose, the modeling results showed that the supply and demand elasticity values in Iran market were invalid and had to be evaluated using a model error. The economists might only use supply and demand elasticity values with low errors to model the welfare and an acceptable market situation; otherwise, based on model error, welfare calculations, or production and consumption losses would be invalid. For solving this problem, a new model based on the complicated Iran market was investigated, analyzed and verified. . .

This study to evaluate agricultural support Policies in two forms budgetary and market supports from pistachio producers in the provinces of Iran during economic development Programs. In this study from total to ingredient procedure and data on five of the country’s economic development programs in order to evaluate distributional effects of support Policies of pistachio producers in different provinces were used. The results of this study showed that the average budgetary supports in all provinces during economic development programs were positive and for fars, golestan and qom provinces have the highest value that indicate the more support and utilization of production subsidy inputs by mentioned provinces. Therefore the distribution and optimal allocation of budgetary supports in the country’s provinces can increase productivity of production subsidy inputs and thus it enhances the competitiveness power of pistachio producers on a global level. On the other hand, the average of market supports during this programs in all provinces is negative which indicates the lake of support in all the provinces of pistachio producers in the face of foreign competition and paying taxes were hidden by the pistachio producers.

Given the limitations in cooperative companies, one of the ways to increase the share of the cooperative sector in the Iranian economy is to implement Supportive Policies by the Government. The aim of this study was to investigate the problems in development cooperatives of agricultural production of strategic crops (wheat, barley and corn) with emphasis on Supportive Policies in the agricultural sector of Shahrood. The statistical population includes all active cooperatives producing agricultural sector, including 23 cooperatives in Shahrood city, which using random sampling and Cochran's formula out of 170 main members of companies 115 of them were selected. The reliability and validity of the research instruments were confirmed by calculating the coefficients of KMO and Cronbach's alpha (α > 0. 7). Data analysis was performed with spss software. The results showed that the members of the studied cooperatives are not well aware of problems belong the agricultural sector in any area and only imagine the protectionist policy in injecting liquidity. Finally, the problems of agricultural production cooperatives were classified based on analysis, with emphasis on protection Policies, in the framework of knowledge and management factors, personality and psychological, policy and support.

The cotton as a strategic crop has the important role in creating job, foreign currency and increasing income in agricultural sector and related industries which has been considered by Government. In the last couple of decades, the cotton cultivation area in Gorgan County which is one of the major cotton-producing regions has decreased considerably duo to high costs of production and continuation of import. Therefor the object of this study is mainly concentrate on assessing the influence of cultivation and profitability of cotton in Gorgan County influenced by Government Supportive Policies using PMP. The data has been collected by filling out 295 questionnaires using the stratified random sampling method from farmers of Gorgan County in 2014-2015. Three cropping systems of cotton are considered in this study, including: mono-cropping, double cropping and intercropping systems and the Governments Supportive Policies are measured in three parts such as cotton pricing policy, cotton production input subsidy policy and direct payment to cotton production policy. The result shows that the cotton production inputs subsidy has positive profitability among different Government Supportive Policies, so that the most profitable one is related to the cotton mechanic harvesting policy with 1. 78 percent of the change. According to results, it is recommended to increase cotton cultivation in Gorgan by applying production inputs subsidy.

2Background: Attention to supporting and treating infertile couples is of great importance in the context of Iran's population Policies. Infertility treatment means identifying and addressing the health issues of couples that have caused their inability to conceive. Supporting infertile couples not only helps improve their chances of fertility but also enhances all aspects of their health and well-being. Facing infertility can be considerably challenging for couples, inducing feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and depression. Social and psychological support, through counseling services and mental health assistance, can help couples better cope with these challenges and prevent isolation and depression. Attention to the needs and problems of infertile couples can assist policymakers and relevant organizations in designing cultural and health Policies and programs tailored to address this challenge and implement necessary improvements in this field. It is essential to establish a culture that upholds respect for couples experiencing infertility and prevents discrimination against them. By promoting the dissemination of accurate information and fostering a culture of empathy and compassion towards infertility, this culture may reduce social tension and lessen the burdens experienced by those coping with infertility. However, attention to supporting and treating infertile couples is not just one aspect of population policy. Instead, it should be one of the important priorities within the framework of a comprehensive program to strengthen population health. Supporting couples struggling with infertility should also be a significant priority within such a program.

The study was an attempt to determine the extent of the implementation of Governmental Policies supporting knowledge-based companies, to examine the relationship between these Policies and the commercialization of inventions. The reliability and validity of this questionnaire were reported 0. 89 and 0. 94, respectively. The statistical population for this research consisted of 131 companies. The research results revealed that the average extent of the implementation of Governmental financial Policies aiming to support companies was around 60. 5% with an average financial value of 1245 million Rials. The implementation of the non-financial Governmental Policies was also low and was calculated to be 2. 63 based on the Likert scale. The results indicated that 37. 3% of the variations of the performance of companies in commercializing by the predictor variables. Moreover, some components such as the decrease in the rate of interest on facilities, interest-free loans, long-term loans, tax exemptions, the ensured security of investments, intellectual ownership rules, proper international relations, human resource training and marketing aids were reported to have the highest effect on the commercialization of inventions, respectively.

In this paper, trade and price Policies in relation to rice have been analyzed. The trends of rice import show high fluctuation compared with the productions growth. This has caused some fluctuations in domestic prices. In addition, rice import is faced with some problems due to the Government monopoly. Guaranteed price policy on rice has not been successful, mainly due to lack of storing facilities, inconsistency of prices with costs of production and time of buying. Finally some suggestions are made to solve problems.

In this paper, trade and price Policies in relation to rice have been analyzed. The trends of rice import show high fluctuation compared with the productions growth. This has caused some fluctuations in domestic prices. In addition, rice import is faced with some problems due to the Government monopoly. Guaranteed price policy on rice has not been successful, mainly due to lack of storing facilities, inconsistency of prices with costs of production and time of buying. Finally some suggestions are made to solve problems.

In the present study, the effect of digital technology support on entrepreneurial intention has been investigated according to the mediating role of the components of the theory of planned behavior. This research is applied in terms of purpose, quantitative in terms of approach, and descriptive-correlational in terms of type. The statistical population of the research included all students of the faculty of humanities of Imam Khomeini international university of Qazvin, 315 of whom were selected by random sampling. The data collection tool was the standard questionnaire, and structural equation modeling and Smart PLS3 software were used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that the variables of educational support, relational support, and structural support have a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial intention. Personal attitude had a mediating role between relational support and educational support with entrepreneurial intention, and perceived behavioral control also had a mediating role between structural support and educational support with entrepreneurial intention. The findings of the research show the important role of supporting students in the digitalization process in order to encourage them towards entrepreneurship. Therefore, policy makers, Government planners, and educational institutions can benefit from the results of this research to come up with strategies and solutions to encourage entrepreneurship among students.

The impoverished community is an undeniable part of political and social life in different historical periods, even though there is no place for them in history. The policy and approach of Governments towards this community or, if it can be said, the social group is a very important issue that is less discussed. With the formation of the Safavid Government and the establishment of a centralized Government, Policies to support the poor of the society throughout this period were considered with different motives and goals. The Safavid Government tried to alleviate the hardships of their miserable lives by helping the poor by building charities, endowments, food, cash donations, and so on. Therefore, this research seeks to answer the question with descriptive-analytical method, what Policies did the Safavid Government have to support the poor and what goals did it pursue from the implementation of these Policies? Accordingly, the results of the research indicate that the Safavid Government in various social and economic dimensions, including by providing the needs of the poor, helping their health, providing and providing the scientific and cultural development of the poor by establishing schools, etc. It had an important effect on improving the living conditions of the poor. In addition, the Safavid Government in this period, in order to achieve goals such as eradicating poverty and misery, gaining political legitimacy among the masses and showing a benevolent and religious image of itself along with other political and social goals, politics of attention and Followed the arrest of the poor.